Comparison Of circuit Switching with Packet Switching:

• Circuit Switching is an older technique whereas packet switching is a modern technique.

TCP is a reliable connection-oriented protocol used along with the Internet Protocol (IP) to transfer data in the form of packets between computers over the Internet.IP (Internet Protocol) takes care of handling the actual delivery of the data whereas TCP takes care of keeping track of the packets.

User Datagram Protocol is a connectionless protocol that runs on top of IP networks. In UDP messages are sent in the form of datagrams. As UDP is connectionless,so no handshaking takes place between the two processes on the end systems before transferring any sort of data.

The OSI model defines internetworking in terms of a stack of layers. The OSI Reference Model or OSI Model is a conceptual description for layered communications and computer network protocol design. In its most fundamental form, it separates network architecture into seven distinct layers.

A networking technology that provides a temporary physical, dedicated connection between two end systems / nodes guaranteeing a fixed transmission capacity. Voice calls on the telephone networks are the best example.

In network communication, packet switching is a method or technique in which data is transferred in the form of manageable small chunks called packets. No dedicated circuits are used in packet switching and therefore it can carry many different transmissions at the same time.

Wireless networks are types of computer networks in which the nodes are connected without a wire. These type of networks use radio waves to communicate among the computers and other devices. Wireless networks are getting popular because of easy setup features and no cabling involved.

Computer Networks exist in different designs.Two of the most important are:

1. Client/Server Architecture
2. Peer to Peer

Computer Network can be defined as a set or collection of computing devices that are linked to each other in order to communicate and share their resources with each other. Networks on the basis of their scale, scope and purpose,can be categorized as:

A router is a device that interconnects two or more computer networks, and selectively interchanges packets of data between them i.e it connects a LAN to a WAN or a WAN to a WAN. Different types of routers exist.

The data link layer defines the rules for sending and receiving information across a physical connection between two systems.It is responsible for organizing bits into frames and to provide node to node delivery.

In a broadcast or multicast channel, channel allocation is the main problem faced by the Medium Access Protocols. Channel Allocation Problem uses two main approaches to allocate a channel explained below :

1. Static Channel Allocation
2. Dynamic Channel Allocation

The sublayer below the logical Link Control sublayer of DLL in OSI model is Media Access Control (MAC). It is also known as the medium access control sublayer. The most common functions of this sublayer are:

For accessing a channel we need to know some rules. These rules are used to access a channel as they serve as a communication source and facilitates data transfer and identification of device. Many algorithmic variations are possible for channel access. The following is a short list. -ALOHA -Carrier Sense Multiple Access Protocols -Collision-Free Protocols -Wireless LAN Protocols

CSMA is a set of rules in which the devices attached to a network first determines whether the channel or carrier is in use or free and then act accordingly

If two or more stations sense the channel idle at about the same time, and begin transmitting the same time, the collision is sure.In CSMA/CD protocols, the stations abort their transmission as soon as they detect the collision.

TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) is a reliable connection-oriented protocol used along with the Internet Protocol (IP) to transfer data in the form of packets between computers over the Internet.IP (Internet Protocol) takes care of handling the actual delivery of the data whereas TCP takes care of keeping track of the packets

A Virtual Circuit is a connection oriented ,logical (not physical) communication link between two end systems on a packet switched network. By packet Switched, it means that a virtual circuit allows data and information to transfer

Connection Oriented And Connectionless Network Services

Computer Network can be defined as a set or collection of computing devices that are linked to each other in order to communicate and share their resources with each other. A computer Network is a mixture of hardware and software devices.