Chlorination

It is the method of disinfection by which the micro organisms are killed if chlorine & its components are used. Chlorination serves not only for disinfection, but as an oxidant for other substances (iron, manganese, cyanide, etc) & for taste & odor control in water & wastewater. Other chemical disinfectants include chlorine dioxide, ozone, bromine, iodine. The last two chemicals are generally used for personal application, not for the public water supply.

Plain Chlorination

Chlorination of water relatively free from suspended matter without any other treatment
Dosage chlorine range from 0.5-1.0mg/lit may be required to give the residual chlorine in range of 0.1-0.2mg/lit

Pre Chlorination

The application of chlorine to raw water before any other treatment to improve the coagulation & to remove the taste, odor, & color

Post Chlorination

Application of chlorine to treated water after all the other treatment.

Dosage chlorine range from 0.25-5.0mg/lit in order to obtain the combine residual chlorine in range of 0.1-0.2mg/lit

Chemistry of Chlorination

Free Available Chlorine

Effective chlorine disinfection depends upon its chemical form in water. The influencing factors are pH, temperature, & organic content in water. When chlorine gas dissolved in water, it rapidly hydrolysis to hydrochloric acid (HCL) & hypochlorous acid (HOCL)

Cl2 + H2O    ?      H+ + Cl- + HOCL
The equilibrium constant is KH = [H+] [Cl-] [HOCL]
[Cl2 (aq)] = 4.48 
					  

					 
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